Contrast Between Leadership And Management Management Essay

Contrast Between Leadership And Management Management Essay The paper is about todays leadership and discuss about the impact on leadership from diverse culture. Two leadership models are introduced with application of one famous leader. Mullins (2007) defined leadership as a relationship, which a person influences others on their behaviors. It is always associated with group activities. Many people may be confused with leadership and management. Leadership plays one function of management (Anon., 1997). Management has four major functions, planning, organizing, leading, and controlling (Kinicki Williams, 2006). Leadership has the function of leading. Leaders have followers by influence them, while managers get subordinates and rule them. Vick (2012) distinguished them by regarding managers as the liaisons between individual success and organizations success, and regarding leaders as instigators. Although its very ideal to play a role with the combination of leader and manager, a manager is not necessary to be a leader, vice versa. 1.3 The way leaders influence others One major reason is leaders can influence others by their power. Bartol and Martin (1991) stated that Power is the capacity to affect the behavior of others. It includes legitimate power, reward power, coercive power, expert power, information power, and referent power. By using different type of power, the followers may have different reaction. Hellriegel, Jackson and Slocum (2002) classified the reactions into three types: commitment, compliance, and resistance. Most Likely Response from Followers Type of power Used by Leader Expert Referent Reward Legitimate Coercive Commitment Compliance Resistance 1.4 Leadership with cultural diversity Nowadays, with the development of globalization, leaders are more likely to face followers with different cultures than before. In organizations, whether companies have international activities, they may have a workforce with diverse culture (Den Hartog Dickson, n.d.). 2 A Leader for Example Todays would is heavily affected by the developed technology. PC has become an indispensable part in the life. And the person who made PC universal is the co-found and chairman of Microsoft, Bill Gates. He also founded Bill Melinda Gates Foundation with his wife, Melinda Gates (Bellis, n.d.). Bill Gates is an entrepreneur and a philanthropist as well. He had been the wealthiest man in the world for a long period. Bill Gates has many common traits which also appear in many other successful leaders. The following ones are some of them: Passion on career: Since first exposure to computers in 1968, Bill Gates was inspired passion on computers. He took part in many computer related activities, such as being hired by CCC to find bugs. He even dropped out of Harvard and set up Microsoft to devote into developing software (EVAN CARMICHAEL, n.d.). Spirit of innovation: Bill Gates has the spirit of innovation. Windows 1.0, an operation system which was far cry from existing ones at that time, is a brainchild of Bill Gates (Microsoft, n.d.). Ambition: 3 Leadership Model Leadership models are established for people to follow to 3.1 Transformational Model DuBrin (2010) stated that Transformational leadership focuses on what the leader accomplishes yet still pays attention to the leaders personal characteristics and his or her relationship with group members. Transformational leadership was firstly proposed by James MacGregor Burns in 1978. She conceptualized leadership as either transactional or transformational (Bass Riggio, 2006). The latest transformational model includes four elements, idealised influence (II), inspirational motivation (IM), intellectual stimulation (IS) and individualized consideration (IC), which are also known as 4Is. The variables of transformational leadership (Bass Riggio, 2006) Idealized influence: Idealized influence refers to the leaders generating trust, respect and loyalty from followers by their high level of ethical and moral behaviors. Followers approve the leaders and intend to imitate them. Idealized influence has two aspects, the leaders behaviors and followers perception. Inspirational motivation: Transformational leaders have strong vision for the future. They stimulate followers by giving challenge and meaning to followers work. Leaders make followers involve in imaging fascinating future and drive up followers enthusiasm and optimism. Intellectual stimulation: Transformational leaders encourage followers to be innovative and creative. Individuals mistakes are not to be criticized publicly. New ideas and approaches from followers are encouraged. Individualized consideration: Transformational leaders act as a coach or mentor and lay emphasis on individual followers needs for achievement and development. Different needs and wants of individual are recognized. Leaders prefer a two-way communication with followers and personalized interaction. The full range of leadership model The full range of leadership model is a combination of both transactional and transformational leadership. The components of transactional leadership include contingent reward (CR), management-by-exception (MBE), and laissez-faire leadership (LF). Fig.3.1 The full range of leadershipThe components are evaluated by two dimensions, activeness and effectiveness. Bass and Riggio (2006) stated that optimal leaders display LF leadership most infrequently, and display MBE and CR higher frequently. They choose transformational leadership, 4Is, most frequently. In contrast, poor leaders preform oppositely. Bill gates, a transformational leader Bill gates started Microsoft with a strong vision, a computer on every desk and Microsoft on every computer. He attributed the astounding success of Microsoft to the vision. (EVAN CARMICHAEL, n.d.). 3.2 Situational leadership model 4 Impact from cultural diversity Leaders use a combination of different leadership style. National cultural is one of the important factors which affect the decisions of choosing leadership style (Robbins and Decenzo). With the increasing globalization, the situation of cultural factor becomes more complex for the leaders. 5 Conclusion

Hopelessness in Albert Camus The Plague and Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot :: comparison compare contrast essays

Hopelessness in Albert Camus' The Plague and Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot  Ã‚   Does Existentialism deny the existence of God? Can God possibly exist in a world full of madness and injustice? Albert Camus and Samuel Beckett address these questions in The Plague and Waiting for Godot. Though their thinking follows the ideals of existentialism, their conclusions are different. Camus did not believe in God, nor did he agree with the vast majority of the historical beliefs of the Christian religion. His stance on Christianity is summed up most simply by his remark that "in its essence, Christianity (and this is its paradoxical greatness) is a doctrine of injustice. It is founded on the sacrifice of the innocent and the acceptance of this sacrifice" (Bree 49). Camus felt that Jesus Christ was an innocent man who was unjustly killed. This does conflicts with all of Camus' values. However, Camus did not believe that Jesus was the son of God. Camus' inability to accept Christian theology is voiced in The Plague by Riex and juxtaposed against the beliefs preached by Father Paneloux (Rhein 42). Paneloux's attitude toward the plague contrasts sharply with Rieux's. In his first sermon, he preaches that the plague is divine in origin and punitive in its purpose. He attempts to put aside his desires for a rational explanation and simply accepts God's will. In this way he is not revolting and therefore falls victim to the plague. Father Paneloux's belief that there are no innocent victims is shaken as he watches a young boy die of the plague. Camus purposefully describes a long, painful death to achieve the greatest effect on Paneloux: "When the spasms had passed, utterly exhausted, tensing his thin legs and arms, on which, within forty-eight hours, the flesh had wasted to the bone, the child lay flat, in a grotesque parody of crucifixion" (215). Paneloux cannot deny that the child was an innocent victim and is forced to rethink his ideas. During his second sermon, a change is seen in Father Paneloux. He now uses the pronoun "we" instead of "you," and he has adopted a new policy in which he tells people to believe "all or nothing" (224). Father Paneloux, as a Christian, is faced with a decision: either he accepts that God is the ultimate ruler and brings goodness out of the evil that afflicts men, or he sides with Rieux and denies God.

The Lost Tribes of Israel Claims by Herbert Armstrong

The Lost Tribes of Israel Catholic. com Around 926 b. c. , the kingdom of Israel split in two. Up to that point, all twelve tribes of Israel (plus the priestly tribe of Levi) had been united under the monarchies of Saul, David, and Solomon. But when Solomon’s son Rehoboam ascended to the throne, the ten Northern tribes rebelled and seceded from the union. This left only two tribes—Judah and Benjamin (plus much of Levi)—under the control of the king in Jerusalem. From that time on, the tribes were divided into two nations, which came to be called the House of Israel (the Northern ten tribes) and the House of Judah (the Southern two tribes).This situation continued until around 723 B. C. , when the Assyrians conquered the Northern kingdom. To keep conquered nations in subjection, it was Assyrian policy to break them up by deporting their native populations to other areas and resettling the land with newcomers. When the House of Israel was conquered, most people bel onging to the ten Northern tribes were deported and settled elsewhere in the Assyrian kingdom, including places near Nineveh, Haran, and on what is now the Iran-Iraq border.They were replaced by settlers from locations in or near Babylon and Syria. These settlers intermarried, together with the remaining Israelites, and became the Samaritans mentioned in the New Testament (a few hundred of whom still survive today). The Israelites who had been deported also intermarried with the peoples of the places where they had been resettled. They eventually lost their distinct identity, disappeared, and their culture was lost to history. Some refer to them as â€Å"the lost tribes of Israel. â€Å"A movement called â€Å"British Israelism† claims to have found the ten â€Å"lost tribes,† however, and in some very unlikely places. For many years, one of the leaders in the British Israelism movement was Herbert W. Armstrong, founder of the self-proclaimed â€Å"Worldwide Church of God. † Especially for Americans, Armstrong was just about the only person they ever heard advocating British Israelism. With his own paid television program, Armstrong regularly advertised his book The United States and Britain in Prophecy, which advocated the view. British Israelism was not Armstrong’s only eccentric view.Among other things, he believed in Saturday rather than Sunday worship and, most seriously, he rejected the doctrine of the Trinity and claimed that individual humans could be added to the Godhead. After Armstrong’s death, the Worldwide Church of God did a serious review of the doctrines it had taught up to that point and moved to a more biblically and theologically orthodox position. Today, the organization is basically another Evangelical Protestant church (they have even been admitted to the National Association of Evangelicals), though with a few distinctive practices.Many of their congregations still worship on Saturdays, for example, b ut they no longer regard keeping the Jewish Sabbath and feasts as points of doctrine. They have embraced the doctrine of the Trinity, denied that created beings can become part of the Godhead, and acknowledged that other churches contain true Christians. They have also rejected the distinctive idea behind British Israelism—the claim that the lost tribes of Israel are to be specially identified with the Anglo-Saxons.Unfortunately, there are still advocates of British Israelism out there (including some groups that split off from the Worldwide Church of God when it underwent its doctrinal renewal), and, though the book is out of print, Herbert W. Armstrong’s The United States and Britain in Prophecy continues to circulate. The United States and Britain in Prophecy teaches the notion that the Lost Tribes of Israel are really the descendants of Anglo-Saxons, which is to say the British and Americans of British extraction. This exotic doctrine had been around for decades be fore Herbert W.Armstrong founded his church in 1933, and it appeals, naturally enough, to those of British heritage. After all, who wouldn’t want to be a member of the â€Å"chosen race† (assuming there is one)? And according to Armstrong, that’s precisely what the Anglo-Saxons are—God’s chosen race, where can be found the direct descendants of King David and, even today, the true â€Å"heirs† to King David’s throne. The United States and Britain in Prophecy opens with this epigraph: â€Å"The prophecies of the Bible have been grievously misunderstood. And no wonder!For the vital key, needed to unlock prophetic doors to understanding, had become lost. That key is a definite knowledge of the true identity of the American and British peoples in biblical prophecy. † Only the first sentence of this epigraph is strictly correct, and a good share of the â€Å"grievous misunderstanding† is by people who put faith in the writing s of Herbert W. Armstrong. The Argument Begins â€Å"We know Bible prophecies definitely refer to Russia, Italy, Ethiopia, Libya, and Egypt of today. Could they then ignore modern nations like Britain and America?Is it reasonable? † This is how the argument begins, and notice what kind of argument it is. If these â€Å"lesser† countries are mentioned in Scripture, would it be fair for God to ignore us, important as we are? (We won’t examine here the highly dubious premise that Russia is mentioned in Scripture. ) You might call this an â€Å"appeal to pride. † Never fear, says Armstrong. â€Å"The fact is, [the British and Americans] are mentioned more often than any other race [sic]. Yet their prophetic identity has remained hidden to the many. Why is that? you ask. Because the Bible doesn’t refer to them by their modern names, but by an ancient name. And what is that name? None other than Israel. â€Å"Hold it! † you say. The people who ca me from Israel are Jews. Britons and Americans, for the most part, aren’t Jewish. How can one claim otherwise? Easily. Armstrong assures us that, â€Å"The house of Israel is not Jewish! Those who constitute it are not Jews, and never were! That fact we shall now see conclusively, beyond refute. † Actually, there is something of a point here.The term â€Å"Jew† originated as a way of referring to the people of the southern kingdom of Judah, whether their own tribe was Judah, Benjamin, or Levi. The term appears late in Israel’s history—after the division into northern and southern kingdoms—and it can be fairly claimed that the term does not apply to the members of the ten northern tribes, who are properly known as â€Å"Israelites† since they belonged to the House of Israel rather than the House of Judah. Armstrong asserted: â€Å"Certainly this proves that the Jews are a different nation altogether from the House of Israel,† cl aims Armstrong. The Jews of today are Judah! They call their nation ‘Israel’ today because they, too, descend from the patriarch Israel or Jacob. But remember that the ‘House of Israel’—the ten tribes that separated from Judah—does not mean Jew! Whoever the lost ten tribes of Israel are today, they are not Jews! † â€Å"By the year 721 B. C. , the House of Israel was conquered and its people were soon driven out of their own land—out of their homes and cities—and carried captives to Assyria, near the southern shores of the Caspian Sea! † So it was in 721 B.C. that the Lost Tribes got â€Å"lost. † The Year Nothing Happened Had the tribes remained faithful to God, all would have been well, Armstrong explains. â€Å"But, if they refused and rebelled, they were to be punished seven times—a duration of 2,520 years—in slavery, servitude, and want. † They did rebel, and Armstrong theorizes that their punishment extended from 721 B. C. to A. D. 1800. And what remarkable thing happened in 1800? Well, if we don’t count the election of Thomas Jefferson to the presidency of the United States, not a whole lot.In fact, 1800 was a pretty dull year for history. But Armstrong disagrees, saying that from that date, Britain and America became world powers; the former (at that time) politically, and the latter economically (and later, also politically). According to Armstrong’s scheme, the figure of â€Å"2,520 years of punishment† is arrived at by multiplying the â€Å"seven years of punishment† by 360—the number of days in the year as it was reckoned by the ancients—on the principle that each â€Å"day† of punishment really stood for a whole year of punishment.If you think this is convoluted reasoning, just wait until you read the remainder of the argument in The United States and Britain in Prophecy. It’s enough to note here th at Armstrong determines from Scripture that the Lost Tribes ended up on islands in the sea, and these islands are northwest of Palestine. We’re told, for example, that the forty-ninth chapter of Isaiah begins with, â€Å"Listen, O isles, unto me. † Do you see how this suggests the British Isles? Armstrong says, â€Å"Take a map of Europe.Lay a line due northwest of Jerusalem across the continent of Europe, until you come to the sea, and then to the islands in the sea! This line takes you direct to the British Isles! † The skeptic might note that the line first comes to the Aegean islands, which are also in the sea—the Mediterranean Sea—but this would mean the Greeks are the Lost Tribes, therefore, the theory would not play into the desires of some British or Americans to identify themselves with the lost tribes. Linguistic Legerdemain You want more proof? Armstrong has it. The House of Israel,† he explains, â€Å"is the ‘covenant peopl e. ’ The Hebrew word for ‘covenant’ is brit [b’rith]. And the word for ‘covenant man,’ or ‘covenant people,’ would therefore sound, in English word order, Brit-ish (the word ish means ‘man’ in Hebrew, and it is also an English suffix on nouns and adjectives). And so, is it mere coincidence that the true covenant people today are called the ‘British’? And they reside in the ‘British Isles’! † This reasoning may impress some, but no linguist would take this seriously.The word â€Å"British† is not derived from Hebrew but from the Celtic word Brettas. It’s significant that the Celtic Brettas referred to the Britons, who were inhabitants of England before the arrival of the Anglo-Saxons that Armstrong claims were Israelites. One possible reason for Armstrong’s linguistic confusions may be that in Webster’s Diction-ary (for example, in the 3,200-page unabridged ed ition published in 1932—an edition Armstrong may have had access to) the entry for b’rith (Hebrew: covenant) appears sandwiched between the entries for â€Å"Britannic† and â€Å"Briticism. Perhaps he simply didn’t read carefully enough and assumed, wrongly, that b’rith must somehow be etymologically connected with the other the words before and after pertaining to things British. Neither does the common English suffix -ish derive from the Hebrew word for man. Instead, it derives from the Greek diminutive suffix -iskos It was bad enough to suggest that the word â€Å"British† is Hebrew, but he also made another claim: If you take the name â€Å"Isaac,† you see it’s easy for someone to drop the â€Å"I† when speaking quickly and to end up with â€Å"Saac† as the name of the patriarch.He had descendants, of course, and these may be called â€Å"Saac’s sons,† from which we get the word â€Å"Saxons. à ¢â‚¬  â€Å"Is it only coincidence,† asks Armstrong, â€Å"that ‘Saxons’ sounds the same as ‘Saac’s sons’—sons of Isaac? † This doesn’t even qualify as a coincidence, since Armstrong had to make up the nickname of â€Å"Saac† in order for the â€Å"coincidence† to exist. In reality, the term â€Å"Saxon† is derived from the Anglo-Saxon word â€Å"seax,† which means knife or dagger, not the Hebrew word â€Å"Isaac† (Yitskhaq), which means â€Å"laughter† (cf.Gen. 17:15–19, 18:9–15). Another Remarkable Coincidence? Armstrong found other coincidences. When the Lost Tribes were scattered, he says, they â€Å"brought with them certain remarkable things, including a harp and a wonderful stone called lia-fail, or stone of destiny. A peculiar coincidence is that Hebrew reads from right to left, while English reads from left to right. Read this name either way—and it still is lia-fail. Another strange coincidence—or is it just coincidence? is that many kings in the history of Ireland, Scotland, and England have been coronated sitting over a remarkable stone—including the present queen [sic]. The stone rests today in Westminster Abbey in London, and the coronation chair is built over and around it. A sign once beside it labeled it ‘Jacob’s pillar-stone. ’† Here Armstrong’s argument becomes even weaker. After all, one could note that Hebrew and English are not the only languages which, when contrasted, are read in different directions. For example, Arabic is read right to left, while Gaelic is read left to right.What does that prove? Nothing! Just as Armstrong’s muddled reasoning proves nothing at all about a connection between Hebrew and English. If it did, one could just as easily â€Å"prove† that the Lost Tribes were also responsible for bringing the Blarney Stone with them. And that ’s just plain blarney. Armstrongism’s Appeal What makes Armstrong’s notion so attractive to some folks? First, it appeals to their nationalistic vanity: â€Å"I’m of English descent, and now I see that I’m right in the thick of things, biblically speaking.Having English blood in my veins makes me special. It puts me above the rest of the crowd. † It also perpetuates ethnic prejudice: â€Å"Thank God I’m not Italian! I never liked Italians anyway, and now I see they aren’t descended from the Lost Tribes and so are only secondary players in the divine drama—something I always suspected. † At first glance, Armstrong’s argument seems to be based on a sophisticated understanding of Scripture: â€Å"Armstrong provides lots of citations, and I can’t find fault with his argument. It’s so convoluted and technical it

Literature Review of Cambridge by Caryl Phillips - 1667 Words

For my Internal Assessment I have chosen to do a review of Caryl Phillips’ post-colonial work of fiction, â€Å"Cambridge†. This novel published in the year 1991, explores the interlocking of a variety of forms of marginalization, displacement and dispossession that emerge from the experience of cross-cultural encounters. It persistently raises questions of home, identity and belonging. Philips’ novel is set in an unnamed small Caribbean island during a transitional period, sometime between the abolition of the slave trade in 1807 and the emancipation of slaves in 1834. Phillips raises the consciousness of the readers by highlighting the brutality and horrors of slavery through perfected use of narrative techniques such as imagery, irony,†¦show more content†¦Brown. Furthermore, Emily’s marginality in planter society is reinforced as much by her relative innocence as newcomer as by her own vague and unspecified liberal beliefs. In the early days, she sees herself as ‘set apart† from planter society; she sides with the abolitionist campaigns and is disapproving of her father’s cavalier ignorance of the â€Å"pains and pleasures†¦.endured by those whose labour enables him to indulge himself in the heavy-pocketed manner to which he has become accustomed†. She sees herself as on a moral crusade of sorts and hopes to convert her father to the abolitionist cause through her first-hand knowledge and account of the â€Å"inquiry of slavery.† Yet her condemnation of her compatriots’ abstract support for the abolitionists and convert real support of â€Å"old prejudices,† will increasingly apply to her. Emily’s account of her initial encounters with â€Å"negroes† on the island is testament to the strength and depth of European racial prejudices. She finds it difficult to disguise her revulsion at the appearance, dress, manners and language of the black peoples of the island. She repeatedly associates them with the animal kingdom, mistaking slave children for monkeys, describing slave homes as â€Å"lairs and nests† and the noises of the slave village as a distant â€Å"braying.† Emily objects to her black slave

Job Satisfaction And Employee Turnover - 1348 Words

Job satisfaction is a highly complex mixture of individual perceptions and individual rewards. Job dissatisfaction often leads to employee turnover which is costly financially, frustrating to unit managers, and also detrimental in regard to patient care and outcomes. Maintaining registered nurse (RN) job satisfaction is directly related to staffing levels (Kalisch Hee Lee, 2014). Teamwork and collaboration between all medical staff members can increase job satisfaction and provide better outcomes in patient care. Absence of teamwork and communication can result from cultural and rank barriers (McCulloch, Rathbone, Catchpole, 2011). Several studies have been performed to measure job satisfaction in nursing staff, but the aim of this study examines the links between actual unit-level staffing and job satisfaction of RNs and nursing assistants (NAs) (Kalisch Hee Lee, 2014) in order to identify factors that lead to employee turnover. The first question the researchers were interested in states, â€Å"What is the relationship between staffing and job satisfaction of RNs and NAs controlling for demographic variables and patient acuity?† The second research question states, â€Å"Are there any differences as to the significant predictors for job satisfaction between RNs and NAs?† The RNs and NAs were surveyed using a questionnaire to rate job satisfaction while also providing demographic data. The researchers used 131 patient care units in 11 different hospitals based in Michigan andShow MoreRelatedHow Does Job Satisfaction Affect Employee Turnover? Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesHow does job satisfaction affect Employee turnover? Introduction Employee withdraw, also known as employee turnover is always a topic that is often brought up in research, especially in the areas of organisational behaviour and industrial psychology. â€Å"Beginning with the early studies of Bernays (1910) and Crabb (1912) and continuing to the present, well over 1,000 separate studies on the subject can be identified,† (Richard Richard, 1979, p. 1) however, only less than 20% of the in turnover varianceRead MoreThe Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate2093 Words   |  9 PagesThe Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Employee Turnover Rate Introduction Adelphoi Village is a private, non- profit company that provide community based services to children and adolescents in the Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and West Virginia area. Adelphoi Village provides programs and services that strive to guide each youth on a path that will provide meaning, purpose and value in his/her life. Founded in 1971, Adelphoi Village has expanded to serve over 800 youth in 60 differentRead MoreThe Relation Between Job Satisfaction, Absenteeism, and Employee Turnover1720 Words   |  7 Pagesfor an organisation to be successful, it has to invest substantially into the domain of people skills, and their behaviour. Due to stressful working environment, many organisations loose employees due to lack of motivation, stress, lower employee job satisfaction and other contributing factors of behavioural sciences and psychology. All these factors have negative effects on the organisation and organizational behaviour simultaneously. Many experts are in concord t hat all these factors create disorientedRead MoreTypes of Attitude1169 Words   |  5 Pagesstudy of job-related attitudes. OB specifically focuses on three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement and organizational commitment Job satisfaction In the field of OB, job satisfaction is one of the most important and widely studied attitudes. Job satisfaction refers to an individual s general attitude towards his or her job. It has been described by Edwin A. Locke as the pleasurable or positive emotional state that results when an individual evaluates his job or job experience. Job satisfactionRead More2.1.6.2 Functional And Dysfunctional Turnover. Functional1493 Words   |  6 Pages2.1.6.2 Functional and dysfunctional turnover Functional turnover can be defined as â€Å"a turnover in which poor performers leave† while Dysfunctional turnover can be defined as â€Å"a turnover in which good performers leave† (Abdali, 2011). The poor performer employee can leave the organization in any means and this situation is functional turnover because, the poor performer employees can be invaluable for the organization. When these poor performer employees leave the organization, the company can benefitedRead MoreJob Dissatisfaction Is A Result Of Turnover Intention Among Nashua City Employees852 Words   |  4 Pages Job Dissatisfaction is a Result of Employee Turnover Intention among Nashua City Employees The topic of my study is ‘Job dissatisfaction is a result of turnover intention among Nashua City employees.’ My study is significant because it will look at some issues that are negatively impacting non-management employees in the Works Division of the City of Nashua, resulting in poor performance. Although turnover intention is cited as one of the many factors associated with job dissatisfactionRead MoreMotivation : Motivation And Motivation Essay1070 Words   |  5 Pagesthat is performed for its own sake is intrinsically motivated and behavior that is performed to acquire material or social rewards or to avoid punishment is extrinsically motivated. Examples of extrinsic motivators are salary, working conditions and job security, while opportunities to use one s own initiative and creativity are examples of intrinsic motivators. - The vast diversity of people and the complexity of their behavior have led to a broad range and variety of motivation theories. The purposeRead MoreEssay on Htm 150 Wk 4 Assignment 1 Employee Turnover799 Words   |  4 PagesHTM 150 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 EMPLOYEE TURNOVER To purchase this visit here: http://www.activitymode.com/product/htm-150-wk-4-assignment-1-employee-turnover/ Contact us at: SUPPORT@ACTIVITYMODE.COM HTM 150 WK 4 ASSIGNMENT 1 EMPLOYEE TURNOVER HTM 150 WK 4 Assignment 1 - Employee Turnover Employee turnover in the hospitality industry averages 400% annually. This means that, on average, 100% of the staff of a restaurant, hotel, airline, cruise ship, etc. is replaced four (4) times per yearRead MoreEmployee Satisfaction1221 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolves the job satisfaction and employee engagement of a spa company’s workforce called Bella. The case depicts a new general manager Kris Jenkins’s concern that Bella’s numbers had deteriorated dramatically in the past year. Profits were down; absenteeism was up; turnover, while not dramatic, was higher than it had been in the past five years. This report shows how important the employee engagement to bring job satisfaction which overall leads a company with a less absenteeism, low turnover rates; ultimatelyRead MoreEmployee Job Satisfaction Has A Large Impact On Their Organization806 Words   |  4 PagesEmployee job satisfaction has a large impact on their organization. Employees being dissatisfied can lead to high turnover, higher absenteeism, affect their overall job performance, and impact custo mer satisfaction (Robbins Judge, 2009 pp 87-89). This post will discuss the impact job satisfaction has in regards to organizational citizenship behavior and employee engagement. Causes of Job Satisfaction There are several factors that influence an employee’s satisfaction in their

A Color Problem in a Post Racial Nation Essay - 1637 Words

It appears that the color of your skin whether it be black, white, brown, red, or yellow doesn’t matter in America anymore. One might assume that this statement is a plausible one, given the fact that we have a male â€Å"African American† president, and America is now considered to be a â€Å"Post-Racial Nation† (Rush Limbaugh, 2010), where skin color is no longer an inhibiting factor. The truth of the matter is that race has most certainly played a significant factor in America’s history since the early 16th century and through to the 21st century. â€Å"Race† is a good predictor of who has power, owns land, receives privileges and opportunities, and who reaps the benefits of those items listed (just to name a few things from an exhaustive list). It†¦show more content†¦From that moment in time onward, racial profiling seemed to gained leaps and bounds in America especially as it relates to the criminal justice system. This discriminatory practice of racial profiling has a lengthy history of oppression towards people of color based on their heritage, and reaches blacks on many fronts no matter their socioeconomic status or geographical location. In William Edward Burghardt (W.E.B.) Dubois’s book The Souls of Black Folk, he elaborates on the woes that Blacks face in America as well as internationally. In his book he makes a bold claim that the predicament of the twentieth century blacks and other racial minorities face, concerning their upward mobility, can be reduced to a singular characteristic all minorities have in common, which is not being white and able to integrate into mainstream society. This paper will in great detail prove that the social phenomenon of racial profiling is a germane factor when considering DuBois’s theory as it relates to people of color, and that being black and living in America is inherently a problem. In doing so, it will also challenge the ideology of America being a â€Å"color-blind† or â€Å"post-racial society†, where minorities (mainly blacks) in the twenty-first century, can and will receive the same equitable treatment as Caucasians. This paper also will exam the genesis of racial profiling as it relates to the criminal justice system and how its continuedShow MoreRelatedMulticulturalism As Basis For Varied Ethno Racial Projects863 Words   |  4 PagesThe Rhetoric of (Failed?) Multiculturalism as Basis for Varied Ethno-Racial Projects: The United States and Germany in Comparison Emerging during the post-WWII reality of the United States, the term â€Å"multiculturalism† has long been embedded into the fabric of American understandings of race and ethnicity. Despite recent efforts to move ‘beyond multiculturalism’, this word and the color-blind ideology supporting it will continue to shape the trajectory of attitudes, policies and activism in theRead MoreSocial Problems: Is the United States Post-Racial?1237 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Is the United States Post-Racial? The election of Barack Obama to the Presidency of the United States has generated a lot of discussions and debate on the current racial affairs in the United States. Many assume that Obamas presidency ushers a new era post-racial America. So, I decided to read a few recent articles on the topic. The first was by Time Wise where he reflects on denial and reality in response to the question what is post-racial? (Wise, 2012). Wises article is depressing becauseRead MoreIs America A Post Racial Society?1431 Words   |  6 Pages Many individuals have argued that America is a post-racial society. However, as a nation that as yet to be achieved. Even though, we have a biracial president does not mean that we have yet to achieve the status of all races being equal. We still live in a system that contains one superior group while other racial groups remain inferior. The United states have yet to understand why we have two nations in America. In addition, examining how to combat and prevent those issues that are place by barriersRead MorePublic Perception On Police Profiling Essay1699 Words   |  7 PagesThe presidential election of Barak Obama has led many to believe that we live in a post-racial society. If an African-American candidate has been elected in a predominantly white nation, this must signify that the U.S. does not have barriers that hinder African-Americans and other people of color from accessing opportunities or that we live in a color-blind society – in which race is not an issue. Howeve r, public perception on police profiling and the fairness of our justice system, public supportRead MoreHow Teaching Tolerance At Adolescence1387 Words   |  6 PagesHow Teaching Tolerance at Adolescence Can End the Transference of American Racism Introduction Racism has become an issue threatening to our nation, especially in our local and bordering communities. The South or â€Å"The Bible Belt† has always held more anti-black sentiments than territories in the north or west. The term â€Å"racism† has sadly been a common household term since the early years of the United States of America, but it is becoming more prevalent now than ever before. Hate and racism areRead MoreRacism: The Grand Obstacle of Society’s Advancement1064 Words   |  5 Pagesvoluminous amount of instances of racial discrimination. It can vary from a trifling slur to severe verbal mistreatment. There is discrimination everywhere such as public schools, jobs, and generally anywhere you can consider. One would ponder that after approximately one hundred and fifty years since the abolition of slavery, and fifty years since the civil rights movement, we wouldn’t have the exact problem that still forays us today. Two of the most known illust rations of racial discrimination occurringRead MoreMovie Analysis : The Movie Aloha 1191 Words   |  5 Pagessince its conception Hollywood’s preference for white faces has been clear and continuous. From the 1915 film Birth of a Nation to Cameron Crowe’s 2015 film Aloha, Hollywood’s has proven time and time again that we are not living in a post racial society. Racism within Hollywood can be seen in different forms, from its lack of diversity, negative stereotyping of people of color, and the age old white savior character. The University of Southern California conducted research examining seven hundredRead MoreRacial Tensions By Dennis Prager922 Words   |  4 Pages experiences national conflicts regularly. Dennis Prager says â€Å"Since neither black animosity nor the Left’s falsehood of ‘racial tensions’ is based on the actual behavior of the vast majority of white Americans, nothing white America can do will affect the perceptions of many black Americans or of the leftist libel.† This quote defends the idea that in most cases, the racial tension is one sided and without clear evidence. One of the most recent national conflicts deals with the shooting and killingRead MoreMulticulturalism Of The United States As An ( Ethno ) Racial Project939 Words   |  4 Pagesmight be more appropriate to speak of multiculturalism in the United States as an (ethno)racial project. While the direct origin of multicultural rhetoric was America’s race problem, it cannot be fully said that multicultural theory directly answered questions of American’s race problem. In fact, as much as official multiculturalism attempted to make sense of the increasing â€Å"diverse† makeup of its nation, it also hid many of the issues that it was attempting to resolve. For instance, multiculturalismRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The United States1510 Words   |  7 Pagesissues: more specifically , the United States has issues, continuous and all-encompassing issues of racial inequality.The United States is experiencing a outburst of racism, as can be seen from the 2014 killings of two unarmed African-American men, to the brutality of white supremacy in Charleston and the string of arsons in black churches across the South. Of course, it’s nothing new for a nation with a long history of extreme racist violence—the most recent lynching-relate d death occurred in 1981

Employee Talent and Talent Resourcing-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Discuss about the Importance of Labor Market Analysis 2.Discuss about the Performance Criteria for measuring the effectiveness of Nice Ltd. Answers: Introduction Human Resource Planning is the process of identifying the current and the future demands regarding the workers availability and skills. It is the process of establishing a link between human resource management with the organization strategy. Several challenges such as high competitiveness in the organization in human resource management as well as ageing population and skill deficiency are significant challenges in the human resource planning process. In the present task, the human resource planning process in Nice Shop Ltd has been explored. It is a small scale company which is aware of the consumer bargaining power and implement innovative technologies to retain thee customers within the organization. In this regard, the report has conducted a labor market analysis which explores the demand and the supply of workforce in the grocery market. A performance criterion is also established which will be used for the recruitment of best candidates in the organization. 1.Importance of Labor Market Analysis Nice shop ltd. is a grocery store and with the changing preferences of consumer with the changing technology, it has become essential for the manager to make its labor also efficient. The labor should be able to match their skills with the changing business world. In this regard, it is important to analyze the skill of the labor first. Skills are an important asset for any business organization and in the global and dynamic business world; it becomes important to analyze the skill of the labor market. Another important consideration in this regard is to match the skill with the prevailing job. Nice Ltd, being a grocery store always has a direct interaction between the customers and the staff which makes it more important to hire workers who could interact with the customers and satisfy their needs (Klosters, 2014). The organization needs a large number of sales staff and employees. Although they need not possess high professional degree, their communication skills should be competitive and they should have high level negotiation skills to convert the lead into potential customers. A large number of talented individuals are available who meet the requirement criteria; however, their retention time in the organization is less. These people join the organization for a small duration, either to gain experience or while pursuing another degree. After a certain period of time, these people switch their jobs. The organization suffers from this situation as they have to work with new recruits who do not possess any training. As a result, the training and the development cost of the organization also increases substantially. According to a survey in the UK by CIPD, it has been observed that performance appraisal can be used to retain such employees (Chubb, Reilly and Brown, 2011). It also helps in determining the impact of workforce planning in an organization. Workforce planning is described as matching the required number of staff with the jobs available in the organization. Analyzing the labor market will help Nice shop Pvt. to access their future needs of the workforce. Many times HR managers tend to ignore the future as future is unpredictable and requires a lot of effort and thinking but this is not so as workforce planning will help the organization to tackle the unforeseen situations of the future because it will have the required workforce to handle the situation. There are three basic steps in the analysis of the labor market, which are internal supply of labor, external supply of labor and internal demand for labor. Firstly, the organization analyzes the internal demand of the labor. It explores the strategic direction of the organization and forecast the number of labor or workforce required for achieving the organizations aims. Secondly, the company analyzes the internal supply of the labor. It includes the evaluation of the current workforce in the organization, retention rate and the people who will be retiring from the organization. In the external supply of labor, the organization examines how it will address the strategic gaps in the workforce and recruit candidates from the job market. In order to analyze the labor market, there are various emerging software packages which help in conducting the analysis. People soft incorporation have evolved workforce planning application through which the organizations can maintain the count of their employees on the basis of their competencies and training, availability, comments made by the super visors on the performance of the employees, the location where workers are available. Another application designed by the company includes a tool which helps the organization in finding out the best employee for a particular project. However, not many organizations use such complicated software but keeping in mind the emerging problems in the labor market of the UK, it is advisable for the Nice pvt ltd to go for the use of such software (Sinclair, 2004). Nice Pvt ltd is going through ups and down and has also seen that the recruitment policies of the past have not yielded such benefit, therefore, it is important for the company to con duct workforce planning with the help of such modern software. It would help the organization to match its requirements with the available workforce. Furthermore, the changing trend in the wage market has also made it compulsory for the organization to provide minimum wages to its workers and for this the organization needs to reform its policies and procedure with the help of effective HR skills. Performance Criteria for measuring the effectiveness of Nice Ltd There are different performance criteria for the HR activities conducted. For measuring the effectiveness of induction, firstly the newly recruited staff should be acquainted with the work environment. It is important because a comfortable and conducive environment motivates the employees. Another important criterion is to make them familiar with their peers and staff. It also affects the performance of employees because the people in the organization often interact and work together on certain projects. A comfortable acquisition will help the new recruit in carrying out his work effectively (Ndebele, 2013). Performance management can be measured against certain objective. The achievable objective should be the measuring criteria in Nice Pvt ltd. The achievable objectives can be the amount of sale done by the employees or the number of customer complaints effectively handled by the staff. The organization is a grocery store and its success depends upon the sale of its product and the availability of required goods at the time of purchase. Furthermore, performance management can be measured on the basis of SMART objectives. It stands for specific, measurable, achievable, reliability and time. Specific objectives are the criteria which state that the employee has achieved what is needed by him. Measurable objective stands for the activities of staff which can be measured in qualitative or quantitative terms. This can be done with the help of performance management tools. Furthermore, an achievable objective is those which are to be attained by the employee in near future. Reliable stands f or the roles which are challenging yet which has to be attained by the employee and time stands for timely attainment of objectives (Lawlor and Hornyak, 2012). The employee should be judged and ranked on the basis of objectives achieved. Important criteria for developing of staff are related to providing adequate training and development programs to the employees. Certain objectives should be kept which are to be attained by the employees at the end of his training and he should be judged on the basis of whether the employee is able to achieve the objectives or not. Nice Pvt ltd. could train the staff regarding handling complaints of the customers during purchasing and later could ask them to handle them on their own. Their activity could be judged and ranked accordingly. Along with this, it is also helpful in setting the wages of the employees. A better assessment of the objectives attained by the employees helps to develop a better HR programs. Before conducting development program it is essential to conduct individual assessment of the staff as it helps the manager in knowing the type of training required by an individual and about his strength and weakness. Another important criterion is to make an assessment abo ut the budget being required in the training program of Nice Pvt ltd. As per the new rule of National living wages, the retail industries are being affected and it has increased pressure on their wage system. Therefore, the assessment of budget requirement will let nice store to know about their budget constraints and plan their training and development activity accordingly. 2.Strategy developed to serve the strategic goal of Nice shop ltd The company requires staff person who would work with efficiency to uphold the product and service delivery of goods at the shop. For this purpose company should strategize to hire those people whose skill will go along with the work required in the organization. For this purpose, I would first ask about their existing skill and talent along with their experience of work. It would provide an insight into the kind of work that can be assigned to them if they are hired. Furthermore, I would also provide them a particular situation and ask them their views regarding the situation. It would reflect their presence of mind and this is important when the staff is involved in solving queries of the customers (Knight, 2015). Another strategy would be to analyze their constructive talent. All these strategies would serve as the strategic goal of Nice shop as through this interview the kind of staff recruited would be energetic, positive and would prove to be constructive for the organization. Moreover, their previous experience of work would also be analyzed as an experienced individual would be able to understand the work and the requirements of the customers easily. Current issues in People Resourcing and Talent Management for Nice shop ltd The current strategy would help in acquiring the talented employees for the shop. This is because recruitment would be based on matching the capability and talent of the individual with the job to be done. Furthermore, they would also be provided with proper training and development once they are recruited so that their talent would be enhanced. At the time of the interview, all the aspects of training and development process should be clearly mentioned to the interviewee, so that he does not feel that his talent is being wasted. It also helps in resourcing people as the organization resources are well utilized through a proper recruitment process. It brings a pool of talented and hard working individual who would make judicious use of existing resources and would not create burden on the organization. Positive Results of the Process The positive effect of the job interview was that it leads to a pool of candidates and gave a good choice to the organization in terms of recruitment. Nice ltd could now select the most appropriate and talented personnel from the applicants and it do not have to make any adjustment regarding the selection. Another activity which went well is that the interview was structured one so there was no chaos and haphazard regarding the question (Macan, 2009). The interviewer was well acquainted with the answers and their inferences. An unstructured interview creates confusion for both. The interview process was well organized and timely managed. It was because the advertisement for the interview was done in a proper way. The job profile was very clear with their requirements and need which helped them in getting right pool of the candidates. Negative Outcomes of the Process There were certain activities during the interview process that did not go well like certain questions were not understood by many candidates due to their complexity level. It was first job interview for many interviewees and due to the complexity of questions; they were not able to answer it in a proper way. Another activity that did not go well was the number of questions. Too many questions were put to a single candidate who made them confuse and caution. Improvements The interview should not impose too many questions as it disturbs the interviewee mind and in spite of knowing the answer, he is not able to reflect it properly. Furthermore, focus should be on work which can be accomplished by the job holder. In order to avoid the wastage of time at the preliminary stage, application should be filtered and unsuitable application should be rejected. It would save time and energy while conducting the job interview (Ullah, 2010). Along with this individual score of the candidates should be marked separately so that in the end the highest scored candidate could be given the post. Key accountabilities of the candidates should be identified at the beginning so that proper time could be allocated to the desiring candidates. Curricular Vitae which provides the details of the interview should not only be scanned but it should be read properly as it would help the interviewee to know about the strength and weakness of the employees. An interview is a give and takes process where both the candidate and the interviewer exchange their ideas and viewpoints and successful candidates should be asked to give feedback so that the process could be improved in future. Conclusion It can be concluded that the human resource planning is a significant process of the human resource management. It forecasts the current and the future demands in the human resource management and design strategies to address them. It assures that the human resource capacity is sufficient to address the vision, mission and the business goals of the organization. In this regard, an analysis is conducted of the labor market in the country which will assist the organization examining the supply and the demand in the labor market in grocery industry. References Chubb,C., Reill, P and Brown, D.2011. Performance Management[Online]. Available at: https://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/mp90.pdf [Accessed on August 12, 2017] Kloster,D.2014 [Online]. Available at: https://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC/2014/WEF_GAC_Employment_MatchingSkillsLabourMarket_Report_2014.pdf [Accessed on August 12, 2017] Knight,R.2015. How to Conduct an Effective Job Interview[ Online]. Available at: https://hbr.org/2015/01/how-to-conduct-an-effective-job-interview [Accessed on August 12, 2017] Lawlor,K.B and Hornyak. 2012. SMART GOALS: How The Application Of Smart Goals Can Contribute To Achievement Of Student Learning Outcomes. Developments in Business Simulation and Experiential Learning, 39,pp. 259- 267 Macan, T.2015. the employment interview: A review of current studies and direction for future research. Human Resource Management Review 19 (2009),pp. 203- 218 Ndebele, C.2013. New Staff Perceptions on an Academic Staff Induction Programme at a South African University: Lessons for Educational Development[Online]. Available at: DownloadsDocumentsJSS-36-2-103-13-1517-Ndebele-C-Tx[1].pmd.pdf [Accessed on August 12, 2017] Sinclair,A. 2004. Workforce Planning: a literature review [Online]. Available at: https://www.employment-studies.co.uk/system/files/resources/files/mp37.pdf [Accessed on august 12, 2011] Ullah,M.2010. A Systematic Approach of Conducting Employee Selection Interview. International Journal of Business and Management 5(6), pp. 106-112